Ultrasonic techniques are discussed for inspection and evaluation of flat and cylindrical composite specimens. Immersion ultrasonic techniques are described using a 5-MHz broad-band focused transducer in the pulse-echo mode. Two types of recording methods are employed, conventional pen-lift C-scanning and analog scanning, augmented with photographs of oscilloscope traces of the pulse at selected locations. The complete scanning system is described, including a fixture for scanning tubular specimens. The techniques discussed are applied to monitoring flaw growth in graphite/epoxy coupons of [(0/±45/90)_s]₂ and [0₂/±45])_2s layups with four types of initial flaws subjected to fully reversed spectrum fatigue loading. The flaws investigated are (1) circular hole, (2) embedded film patch, (3) internal ply gap, and (4) surface scratches. It was found that, in general, flaw growth is greater in specimens of [(0/±45/90)_s]₂ layup than in those of [(0₂2/±45)_2s layup. The residual tensile strengths for the preceding specimens, determined after four lifetimes of fatigue testing, are not significantly lower than the initial strengths.