The use of intravascular stents in the femoropopliteal artery (FPA) continues to be controversial due to the potential fractures in the dynamic environment. The purpose of this study was to (1) develop a representative in-vitro model that simulates physiological motion of the FPA during knee and hip flexion and (2) use the model to characterize the types and ranges of stent distortion produced by extremity movement. This model eliminates inconsistencies often observed in cadaveric models and clinical subjects due to individual anatomical differences, and allows testing with large sample sizes in a controlled environment for variable (tubing length, material, diameter, and thickness) modification. A comparative evaluation of axial mechanical property and elasticity was conducted between the tubing intended to simulate arteries and the ex-vivo porcine carotid arteries, favoring the selection of silicone tubing. The model was assessed for its unstented and stented arterial bending and axial compression under three physiological motions: straight leg, walking (knee/hip flexion 70°/20°), and sitting/stair climbing (knee/hip flexion 90°/90°). Self-expanding nitinol stents implanted in the simulated mid-superficial femoral artery and popliteal artery (PA) of the model exhibit axial compression of 4.5±0.3 % and 7±0.3 % (knee/hip flexion 70°/20°), and 8.4±0.7 % and 8±0.2 % (knee/hip flexion 90°/90°). Stents implanted in the simulated PA exhibit bending of 40° and 74° from knee/hip angle changes to 70°/20° and to 90°/90°, respectively. The model demonstrated stent bending and compression as previously observed in cadaver studies. Additional analysis of stent motion (torsion, localized bending, radial compression) may be evaluated with more advanced imaging techniques and additional model development. The data generated in these analyses could support appropriate modes and parameters for stent fatigue testing, and better understanding of vascular device performance in the dynamic FPA.
Domestic orders are delivered via United Parcel Service (UPS) or United States Postal Service (USPS). Transit
times average 3 to 5 business days. Please be aware that UPS will not deliver packages to Post Office Boxes.
International orders are delivered via courier post services which can be either a postal service, courier
service, or a combination of both. Standard Service is untraceable. Please allow 4-7 weeks for delivery.
Please be aware that carriers will not deliver packages to Post Office Boxes. Because of the variability of
customs processes and procedures in different countries, ASTM International cannot guarantee transit times to
international destinations. Customs duty and taxes are the responsibility of the consignee.
Shipping & Handling charges follow the rate schedule, below:
Order Total
Shipping & Handling Fee (US Domestic)
Up to $50.00
$18.72
$50.01 to $100.00
$20.80
$100.01 to $150.00
$29.52
$150.01 to $250.00
$39.09
$250.01 to $500.00
$56.25
$500.01 to $750.00
$76.42
$750.01 to $1000.00
$93.15
$1000.01 to $1500.00
$121.27
$1500.01 to $2500.00
$158.38
$2500.01 to $4999.00
$209.04
$5000.00 to higher
FREE
Order Total
Shipping & Handling Fee (International)
Up to $50.00
$68.72
$50.01 to $100.00
$70.80
$100.01 to $150.00
$79.52
$150.01 to $250.00
$89.09
$250.01 to $500.00
$106.25
$500.01 to $750.00
$126.42
$750.01 to $1000.00
$143.15
$1000.01 to $1500.00
$171.27
$1500.01 to $2500.00
$208.38
$2500.01 to $4999.00
$259.04
$5000.00 to higher
FREE
Shipping and Handling charges are approximate. Additional charges may be incurred if your order requires multiple shipments. This does not apply to complete sets and sections.