Gamma and neutron flux spectra were measured inside and behind various combined iron, steel, and water slabs, which were set up in the radial beams of the zero-power training and research reactors Ausbildungskernreaktor of the Technical University Dresden and Zittauer Lehr- und Forschungsreaktor of the University of Applied Sciences Zittau/Goerlitz. The measurements were carried out with a liquid NE-213 scintillation spectrometer in the energy ranges 0.23–10 MeV for photons and 1–20 MeV for neutrons. These experiments were simulated with the Monte Carlo transport codes mcnp-4C2 and tramo. With mcnp the point-wise energy representation of the nuclear data from endf/b-vi library, release 8, was used. For tramo effective group cross sections were prepared by means of njoy from the same data library. The paper describes the experiments and calculations and presents and compares some results.