Chemical Changes in Elastomers and Antioxidants During Aging

J. Cole

doi:10.1520/STP43954S

SYMPOSIA PAPER Published: 01 January 1949

STP43954S

Chemical Changes in Elastomers and Antioxidants During Aging

Source

The marked changes in physical properties of elastomers which occur during aging as a result of the combined effect of heat, light, oxygen, and ozone are well known. Until recently, however, the nature of the chemical changes that occur during aging has been almost unknown. Some insight into the nature of these chemical reactions has been obtained during the last decade. It is the object of this paper to summarize the present status of knowledge concerning the chemical changes that occur in elastomers and antioxidants during aging. Only chemical changes occurring during thermal or photochemical oxidation will be considered.

Author Information

Cole, J., O.

Research Laboratory, The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio

Shipping & Handling

Domestic Shipping

Domestic orders are delivered via United Parcel Service (UPS) or United States Postal Service (USPS). Transit times average 3 to 5 business days. Please be aware that UPS will not deliver packages to Post Office Boxes.

Domestic Rush Orders

Please Contact Us.

International Standard Shipping

International orders are delivered via courier post services which can be either a postal service, courier service, or a combination of both. Standard Service is untraceable. Please allow 4-7 weeks for delivery.

International Expedited Shipping

Please Contact Us.

Please be aware that carriers will not deliver packages to Post Office Boxes. Because of the variability of customs processes and procedures in different countries, ASTM International cannot guarantee transit times to international destinations. Customs duty and taxes are the responsibility of the consignee.

Shipping & Handling charges follow the rate schedule, below:

Order Total	Shipping & Handling Fee (US Domestic)
Up to $50.00	$18.72
$50.01 to $100.00	$20.80
$100.01 to $150.00	$29.52
$150.01 to $250.00	$39.09
$250.01 to $500.00	$56.25
$500.01 to $750.00	$76.42
$750.01 to $1000.00	$93.15
$1000.01 to $1500.00	$121.27
$1500.01 to $2500.00	$158.38
$2500.01 to $4999.00	$209.04
$5000.00 to higher	FREE

Order Total	Shipping & Handling Fee (International)
Up to $50.00	$68.72
$50.01 to $100.00	$70.80
$100.01 to $150.00	$79.52
$150.01 to $250.00	$89.09
$250.01 to $500.00	$106.25
$500.01 to $750.00	$126.42
$750.01 to $1000.00	$143.15
$1000.01 to $1500.00	$171.27
$1500.01 to $2500.00	$208.38
$2500.01 to $4999.00	$259.04
$5000.00 to higher	FREE

Shipping and Handling charges are approximate. Additional charges may be incurred if your order requires multiple shipments. This does not apply to complete sets and sections.

Reprints and Permissions

Reprints and copyright permissions can be requested through the
Copyright Clearance Center

Details

Developed by Committee: D11

Pages: 29–34

DOI: 10.1520/STP43954S

ISBN-EB: 978-0-8031-5909-9

ISBN-13: 978-0-8031-6063-7

Chemical Changes in Elastomers and Antioxidants During Aging

Author Information

Related

Reprints and Permissions

Details