A brief description of the history of the development of the asphalt paver is given in this paper. It discusses the principle of the floating screed and the operation of the paver tractor unit and screed unit. The forces that act on the screed and keep it in balance (level) to provide a smooth asphalt concrete mat are explained. Improvements in paver design and operation are detailed, and the most recent innovation of the self-widening screed is described. It is pointed out, however, that the basic operational functions of a modern paver are still the same as developed over 50 years ago. The paper also describes the causes of and cures for twelve different common problems that can occur in the asphalt concrete mat behind the paver. Emphasis is placed on why the various deficiencies have occurred and on what can be done to correct the problem when it does happen. Finally, for each mat problem area, the paper discusses the affect of each defect on the long-term performance of the asphalt concrete pavement structure.