Effects of Heat Flux and Irradiation-Induced Changes in Water Chemistry on Zircaloy Nodular Oxidation

D Franklin; C-Y Li

doi:10.1520/STP28120S

SYMPOSIA PAPER Published: 01 January 1987

STP28120S

Effects of Heat Flux and Irradiation-Induced Changes in Water Chemistry on Zircaloy Nodular Oxidation

Source

Nodular corrosion data of Zircaloys in water reactor environments are reviewed to show that in addition to variables such as temperature, water chemistry, material, and irradiation flux, heat flux is an important variable. Qualitative evidence that suggests increased nodular oxidation rate with increasing heat flux at low heat fluxes and a reverse dependence at high heat fluxes where boiling occurs is presented. Previous quantitative measurement of incremental nodular corrosion above uniform corrosion is used to develop a phenomenological model that describes the dependence of nodular corrosion on these variables.

Author Information

Franklin, D

Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA

Li, C-Y

Cornell University, Ithaca, NY

Shipping & Handling

Domestic Shipping

Domestic orders are delivered via United Parcel Service (UPS) or United States Postal Service (USPS). Transit times average 3 to 5 business days. Please be aware that UPS will not deliver packages to Post Office Boxes.

Domestic Rush Orders

Please Contact Us.

International Standard Shipping

International orders are delivered via courier post services which can be either a postal service, courier service, or a combination of both. Standard Service is untraceable. Please allow 4-7 weeks for delivery.

International Expedited Shipping

Please Contact Us.

Please be aware that carriers will not deliver packages to Post Office Boxes. Because of the variability of customs processes and procedures in different countries, ASTM International cannot guarantee transit times to international destinations. Customs duty and taxes are the responsibility of the consignee.

Shipping & Handling charges follow the rate schedule, below:

Order Total	Shipping & Handling Fee (US Domestic)
Up to $50.00	$18.72
$50.01 to $100.00	$20.80
$100.01 to $150.00	$29.52
$150.01 to $250.00	$39.09
$250.01 to $500.00	$56.25
$500.01 to $750.00	$76.42
$750.01 to $1000.00	$93.15
$1000.01 to $1500.00	$121.27
$1500.01 to $2500.00	$158.38
$2500.01 to $4999.00	$209.04
$5000.00 to higher	FREE

Order Total	Shipping & Handling Fee (International)
Up to $50.00	$68.72
$50.01 to $100.00	$70.80
$100.01 to $150.00	$79.52
$150.01 to $250.00	$89.09
$250.01 to $500.00	$106.25
$500.01 to $750.00	$126.42
$750.01 to $1000.00	$143.15
$1000.01 to $1500.00	$171.27
$1500.01 to $2500.00	$208.38
$2500.01 to $4999.00	$259.04
$5000.00 to higher	FREE

Shipping and Handling charges are approximate. Additional charges may be incurred if your order requires multiple shipments. This does not apply to complete sets and sections.

Reprints and Permissions

Reprints and copyright permissions can be requested through the
Copyright Clearance Center

Details

Developed by Committee: B10

Pages: 206–222

DOI: 10.1520/STP28120S

ISBN-EB: 978-0-8031-5004-1

ISBN-13: 978-0-8031-0935-3

Effects of Heat Flux and Irradiation-Induced Changes in Water Chemistry on Zircaloy Nodular Oxidation

Author Information

Related

Reprints and Permissions

Details