Accidentology highlights that oxygen fires are more likely to occur a short time after commissioning or maintenance. Although it is commonly agreed that the exposure of fresh metal to reactive residual particles that may be present in the system is one of the parameters influencing ignition probability, it is unclear how the surface oxidation quantitatively influences ignition and propagation resistance. This study addresses the oxygen fire behavior of metallic particles (typically of pure iron, carbon steel, stainless steel, and nickel-based alloys) in different oxidation surface states. It first assesses the influence of pressure, oxygen content, temperature, and time on oxidation layer formation, including an in-depth characterization of the formed oxide layer (thickness, morphology, chemistry). After the oxide layer is formed, the layer of particle specimens is laser-ignited in oxygen from atmospheric pressure up to 64 bara, and the heat flux delivered by combustion and transferred to the underlying material is determined by the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm as a function of the surface oxidation state. The ignition resistance (ignition energy and ignition temperature) and the combustion behavior are determined as a function of the surface oxidation state with the help of a laser ignition and high-speed camera with optical pyrometer. Such results provide practical insight into oxygen system risk analysis and operation by improving our understanding of how oxides influence ignition and combustion resistances.