Conventional design of structural silicone sealants has been long rooted in following individual load cases. Simplistically, most building concepts follow design methodology for long-term load effects (e.g., glass weight), short-term load effects (e.g., wind) and typical building movements such as thermal changes or building sway due to seismic activity. Due to its viscoelastic character, the silicone's behavior and durability of the bond will differ depending on the duration of the load, and only loads of the same duration can be combined. Whereas the response of the silicone to short- and long-term loads is well understood, it is not the case when exposed to intermediate load durations such as observed for snow. Therefore, allowable stress and strains are held low to prevent unforeseen interactions if combined that may be detrimental for the durability of the structural silicone sealant. With the advent of more sophisticated analysis methods using finite element software and the desire to optimize geometries of structural joints in high-performance designs with extreme loads, there is a need to provide better material behavior models and durability predictions for combined loading cases. Leveraging previous work from Sandberg on an elliptical relationship between shear and tension (valid for depth-to-width ratios from 1.5 to 3.0 and joint rotations of less than 10°), a testing methodology was developed utilizing tensile adhesion joint samples tested at different angle orientations and load severity to determine potential failure models as a function of time, including semipermanent loads. Finite element models were also developed to isolate potential critical model outputs that may be useful for design boundary conditions for complex loading.
Author Information
Kimberlain, Jon
Dow Performance Silicones, Elizabethtown, KY, US
Hayez, Valerie
Dow Performance Silicones, Parc Industriel, Seneffe, BE
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