Orthopedic infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality following orthopedic intervention, which leads to increased healthcare costs associated with their treatment and eradication. Numerous organizational bodies have instituted guidelines to assist with antibiotic management in the perioperative window, but infection rates have remained stagnant. Moving forward, more is needed than perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis to decrease the incidence of infection, including alterations in patient, provider, and system behavior. Patient-specific changes should focus upon mitigating modifiable risk factors, such as obesity, diabetes, smoking, and so on. Provider-specific measures should include appropriately managing open wounds, antibiotic selection, and maintenance of sterile technique. Systemic-specific measures should include limiting participants in the operating room and limiting operating room traffic, banning flash sterilization of operating room products, and so on. However, with the continued stagnation of infection rates, additional advanced technology is needed. Upon the introduction of bacteria, there is a race between bacterial eradication and bacterial seeding of implants; thus, appropriate defense by the implants themselves, via antibiotic impregnation or inhibition of biofilm development, is needed. To date, several preclinical studies have tested different types of “smart” implants to combat bacterial seeding and local infection. While infections in orthopedic surgery have remained largely unchanged in recent years, a team approach between the patient, provider, health system, and implant manufacturers will help to limit orthopedic-based infections and promote an environment of infection prevention.
Author Information
Mosher, Zachary, A.
University of Tennessee, Campbell Clinic Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Memphis, TN, US
Calkins, Tyler, E.
University of Tennessee, Campbell Clinic Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Memphis, TN, US
Mathew, Matt
University of Tennessee, Campbell Clinic Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Memphis, TN, US
Cline, Joseph, T.
University of Tennessee, Campbell Clinic Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Memphis, TN, US
Mihalko, William, M.
University of Tennessee, Campbell Clinic Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Memphis, TN, US
Domestic orders are delivered via United Parcel Service (UPS) or United States Postal Service (USPS). Transit
times average 3 to 5 business days. Please be aware that UPS will not deliver packages to Post Office Boxes.
International orders are delivered via courier post services which can be either a postal service, courier
service, or a combination of both. Standard Service is untraceable. Please allow 4-7 weeks for delivery.
Please be aware that carriers will not deliver packages to Post Office Boxes. Because of the variability of
customs processes and procedures in different countries, ASTM International cannot guarantee transit times to
international destinations. Customs duty and taxes are the responsibility of the consignee.
Shipping & Handling charges follow the rate schedule, below:
Order Total
Shipping & Handling Fee (US Domestic)
Up to $50.00
$18.72
$50.01 to $100.00
$20.80
$100.01 to $150.00
$29.52
$150.01 to $250.00
$39.09
$250.01 to $500.00
$56.25
$500.01 to $750.00
$76.42
$750.01 to $1000.00
$93.15
$1000.01 to $1500.00
$121.27
$1500.01 to $2500.00
$158.38
$2500.01 to $4999.00
$209.04
$5000.00 to higher
FREE
Order Total
Shipping & Handling Fee (International)
Up to $50.00
$68.72
$50.01 to $100.00
$70.80
$100.01 to $150.00
$79.52
$150.01 to $250.00
$89.09
$250.01 to $500.00
$106.25
$500.01 to $750.00
$126.42
$750.01 to $1000.00
$143.15
$1000.01 to $1500.00
$171.27
$1500.01 to $2500.00
$208.38
$2500.01 to $4999.00
$259.04
$5000.00 to higher
FREE
Shipping and Handling charges are approximate. Additional charges may be incurred if your order requires multiple shipments. This does not apply to complete sets and sections.