In the current study, transmission synchrotron X-ray diffraction, scanning/transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy were utilized to characterize the crystal structure and strain state evolution of zirconium (Zr) hydride precipitates in hot rolled Zircaloy-2 containing ~ 200 wt-ppm hydrogen. Hydride precipitates were formed in two different cooling regimes: furnace cooled (FC) and water quenched (WQ). Following the cooling procedure, samples were aged at 200°C for 15 days to evaluate the stability of the hydride phases with time. Considerably different behaviors were observed between FC and WQ conditions. In the FC condition, hydride platelets formed with a face centered cubic structure with a contracted unit cell compared to that of the standard strain-free δ hydride. After aging for 15 days at 200°C, residual strains were partially relieved and no transformation to a new hydride phase was observed. In the WQ condition, synchrotron X-ray diffraction showed there was a coexistence of three hydride populations: γ hydride with a minute volume fraction, a slightly strained δ hydride prevalently observed in Zr grains with basal poles aligned close to the normal direction, and a third δ' hydride population that was a severely strained δ hydride with an apparent tetragonality of a = 4.709 Å and c = 4.783 Å. This severely strained phase was prevalently observed in Zr grains with basal poles aligned close to rolling/transverse directions. Nano-beam electron diffraction analysis revealed that, unlike γ hydride, δ` is not an ordered phase. Aging at 200°C for 15 days resulted in the complete disappearance of the γ phase and commencement of a gradual relaxation of δ` to δ.
Author Information
Badr, Nima, Nikpoor
Dept. of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, CA
Long, Fei
Dept. of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, CA
Topping, Matthew
Dept. of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, CA
Saidi, Peyman
Dept. of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, CA
Persaud, Suraj
Dept. of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, CA
Yao, Zhongwen
Dept. of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, CA
Daymond, Mark, R.
Dept. of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, CA
Domestic orders are delivered via United Parcel Service (UPS) or United States Postal Service (USPS). Transit
times average 3 to 5 business days. Please be aware that UPS will not deliver packages to Post Office Boxes.
International orders are delivered via courier post services which can be either a postal service, courier
service, or a combination of both. Standard Service is untraceable. Please allow 4-7 weeks for delivery.
Please be aware that carriers will not deliver packages to Post Office Boxes. Because of the variability of
customs processes and procedures in different countries, ASTM International cannot guarantee transit times to
international destinations. Customs duty and taxes are the responsibility of the consignee.
Shipping & Handling charges follow the rate schedule, below:
Order Total
Shipping & Handling Fee (US Domestic)
Up to $50.00
$18.72
$50.01 to $100.00
$20.80
$100.01 to $150.00
$29.52
$150.01 to $250.00
$39.09
$250.01 to $500.00
$56.25
$500.01 to $750.00
$76.42
$750.01 to $1000.00
$93.15
$1000.01 to $1500.00
$121.27
$1500.01 to $2500.00
$158.38
$2500.01 to $4999.00
$209.04
$5000.00 to higher
FREE
Order Total
Shipping & Handling Fee (International)
Up to $50.00
$68.72
$50.01 to $100.00
$70.80
$100.01 to $150.00
$79.52
$150.01 to $250.00
$89.09
$250.01 to $500.00
$106.25
$500.01 to $750.00
$126.42
$750.01 to $1000.00
$143.15
$1000.01 to $1500.00
$171.27
$1500.01 to $2500.00
$208.38
$2500.01 to $4999.00
$259.04
$5000.00 to higher
FREE
Shipping and Handling charges are approximate. Additional charges may be incurred if your order requires multiple shipments. This does not apply to complete sets and sections.