The crystallographic texture effect on fatigue endurance anisotropic behavior was evaluated for an API 5L X42 pipeline steel among longitudinal (L-0°), diagonal (D-45°), and circumferential (C-90°) directions. Results showed that the strongest direction was the C-90° direction, which presented the lowest degree of banding (A_i) and grain orientation (Ω₁₂), as well as a larger number of grains oriented parallel to {110} planes. Therefore, fatigue life anisotropy is mainly controlled by the synergistic interaction between pearlite banding degree (A_i) and crystallographic texture. Also, it is foreseen that the observed behavior can be related to the dislocation arrays generated by cyclic loading in relation to microstructure orientation.