A New Approach toward Hydrogen Embrittlement Resistant Ultra-High-Strength Steel Fasteners
Abstract
Hydrogen embrittlement is a major concern in the fastener and automotive industry, particularly when it comes to strength levels above 1,000 MPa. The properties of ultra-high-tensile-strength (UHT) fasteners, classified in strength grades 12.9U–17.8U, are achieved through enhanced requirements on chemical composition and an austempering process that results in a bainitic microstructure. As a result, the risk of hydrogen-induced brittle fracture from hydrogen uptake during corrosion in the field is mitigated, despite the bolts’ high strength. A novel approach proposed by the authors further enhances the bolts’ resistance to hydrogen-induced brittle fracture. This is achieved by applying a Ni plating before heat treatment, thereby modifying the metallic surface layer, which then acts as a hydrogen barrier, effectively protecting the fasteners even in environments with elevated risks of hydrogen uptake. The present investigation demonstrates that the hydrogen embrittlement resistance of these fasteners surpasses current state-of-the-art solutions.