This chapter describes textile processes and the surfactants used in them. These processes can be grouped into four major types: fiber and yarn production, fabric production, dyeing and printing, and finishing of the fabric. Of these, the last three employ wet chemicals, and they are the primary users of surfactants. The starting point for these processes is the raw fabric and the final product is the finished fabric/garment. Wet chemicals used include scouring agents, sizing and desizing agents, dyeing agents/aids, wetting and penetrating agents, leveling and retarding agents, softening agents, and antistatic agents. Surfactant use is also crucial in finishing processes that employ wet chemicals to impart properties to fabrics that are not otherwise possible to obtain by other means. Examples of such properties include softening and static control, crease and wrinkle resistance, and water, oil, soil, and stain repellency.