To better understand the effects of wax additives on the performances of asphalt binders, eight wax-based warm mix additives were selected to prepare wax-doped asphalt binders. The impact of wax additives on the viscosity, high-temperature rutting, intermediate-temperature fatigue, low-temperature thermoreversible aging, and stress relaxation performances of asphalt binders was evaluated. In addition, the thermal analysis of wax additives was also performed by differential scanning calorimetry. The results indicate that the viscosity-reducing effect of wax additives, as measured by rotational viscometry, is limited. Thus, additional dynamic shear rheometer viscosity tests and mixture compaction temperature tests are required to verify the viscosity reduction. Different wax additives exhibit varied effects on the high-temperature performance of asphalt binders that are largely attributable to differences in the chemical composition of the waxes. Compared with natural waxes in asphalt, these wax additives generally possess higher molecular weights, higher melting points, and more complex carbon chain structures, thereby enhancing the fatigue resistance of the asphalt binders. All wax additives were found to exacerbate the thermoreversible aging of asphalt binders, although a small number of anomalous trends observed in the experiments warrant further investigation at additional conditioning temperatures. Stress relaxation provides new insights into low-temperature performance, and the characteristic relaxation time serves as an additional parameter that is distinct from Extended Bending Beam Rheometer (ExBBR) indicators.