Ren, Junping

College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, the Ministry of Education of China, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China

Zhang, Shoulong

Division of Field Engineering for the Environment, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan

Wang, Chong

Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, the Ministry of Education of China, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China

Ishikawa, Tatsuya

Division of Field Engineering for the Environment, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan

Vanapalli, Sai K.

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada