In this paper, correlations between the chemical components and fatigue parameters of the binder blends containing reclaimed asphalt binder (RAB) were evaluated. Fatigue resistance of RAB-containing binder blends were evaluated by dynamic shear rheometer and linear amplitude sweep tests. Chemical components of asphalt binders were determined by saturate, aromatic, resin, and asphaltene fractionation test. Furthermore, four-point beam fatigue test was utilized for evaluating the fatigue resistance of asphalt mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt pavement. Based on the obtained results, strong correlations between chemical parameters of the binder and fatigue life of asphalt binders and mixtures were established.