Cement-stabilized recycled pavement materials (CRPMs) have been increasingly used in road engineering. However, the fatigue performance of CRPMs compacted by vertical vibration compaction method (VVCM) has rarely been studied. This paper focuses on the fatigue performances of the CRPMs (including three ratios of reclaimed cement base material and reclaimed asphalt pavement materials, three contents of virgin aggregate, and two contents of cement) compacted by VVCM and its impacting factors. Then, fatigue equations were established, and tensile strength structure coefficients were obtained. Results show that the ratio of reclaimed cement base material to reclaimed asphalt pavement material obviously affects the fatigue performance of CRPMs under the same stress level. Meanwhile, the analysis of the fatigue equations indicated that when the stress level is 0.80 or 0.85, the fatigue life of CRPMs with a ratio of reclaimed cement base material to reclaimed asphalt pavement material of 7:3 is higher than that with other ratios. The fatigue life of CRPMs is appreciably improved with increased virgin aggregate content. The tensile strength structure coefficient of CRPMs is established for the pavement design. Verification results of an actual engineering project show that the value of tensile strength structure coefficient recommended in this study can effectively guide pavement structure design.