Journal Published Online: 02 December 2024
Volume 48, Issue 1

A Comprehensive Review of Field Vane Shear Testing in Mine Tailings and Recommendations for Tailored Standards

CODEN: GTJODJ

Abstract

Geotechnical site investigations frequently employ the field vane shear test (FVT), in accordance with ASTM D2573/D2573M-18, Standard Test Method for Field Vane Shear Test in Saturated Fine-Grained Soils, to assess in situ soil strength by determining both peak and residual undrained shear strengths. ASTM D2573 is intended specifically for use in saturated natural fine-grained silts and clays, including mine tailings, but excluding materials that are sandy or nonplastic. Experience shows that the test is frequently used in mine tailings where zones of materials may be nonplastic or highly permeable. As noted in the existing standard, partial drainage may occur in these materials during testing, leading to the measurement of a drained or partially drained strength, rather than the intended undrained strength. This article provides a comprehensive review of advancements in FVT research in silty tailings and soils, highlighting the impact of rotation rates on shear strength measurements. The key findings discussed expose the limitations of ASTM D2573, necessitating equipment and procedural modifications for reliable results in nonplastic or permeable mine tailings. This review was intended to initiate a dialogue to reconceptualize how undrained strengths in soil conditions outside the scope of ASTM D2573 may be assessed. The authors believe there is merit in the development of a new or amended ASTM standard to suit the application of intermediate soils and silty mine tailings. Amendments may include the recommendations and findings of the work summarized herein, such as immediate vane rotation upon insertion and varying rotation rates as a function of soil drainage conditions. Establishing standards of practice aligned with a wider range of soil characteristics is essential for accurate geotechnical assessments and mitigating risk in critical infrastructure design such as tailings storage facilities.

Author Information

Hogan, Arielle A.
ConeTec Investigations Ltd., Burnaby, BC, Canada
Kelly, Shane A.
ConeTec Investigations Ltd., Burnaby, BC, Canada
Sharp, James T.
ConeTec Investigations Ltd., Burnaby, BC, Canada
DeJong, Jason T.
University of California Davis, Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Davis, CA, USA
Pages: 12
Price: $25.00
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Stock #: GTJ20240027
ISSN: 0149-6115
DOI: 10.1520/GTJ20240027