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ASTM B1031-26
Standard Guide for Pre- and Post-Coating Heat Treatments of Steel (Stress Relief and Baking) for Reducing the Risk of Internal Hydrogen Embrittlement
Standard Guide for Pre- and Post-Coating Heat Treatments of Steel (Stress Relief and Baking) for Reducing the Risk of Internal Hydrogen Embrittlement
B1031-26
ASTM|B1031-26|en-US
Standard Guide for Pre- and Post-Coating Heat Treatments of Steel (Stress Relief and Baking) for Reducing the Risk of Internal Hydrogen Embrittlement
Standard
B1031 Standard Guide for Pre- and Post-Coating Heat Treatments of Steel (Stress Relief and Baking) for Reducing the Risk of Internal Hydrogen Embrittlement>
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Significance and Use
4.1 This guide describes the basic principles of baking in terms of key parameters, notably coating hydrogen permeability, coating thickness, and the strength of the steel substrate being coated. No mandatory requirements are given. Rather, this document provides guidance to electroplaters and users of electroplated steel components on how to specify appropriate and effective baking practice. Ultimately, the effectiveness of any baking practice should be validated by empirical data obtained from mechanical tests such as sustained load tests or process qualification methods or both. The potentially damaging effects of hydrogen absorbed during surface cleaning or electroplating can usually be mitigated or prevented by baking after electroplating. Baking is a moderate heat treatment that either extracts hydrogen by effusion or causes it to migrate to trap sites, thus making it immobile. However, it cannot be assumed that baking will always effectively eliminate the risk of internal hydrogen embrittlement IHE.
Scope
1.1 This guide describes the basic principles of hydrogen embrittlement (HE) and factors that can lead to hydrogen internal embrittlement (IHE) of steel components from plating and chemical processing operations.
1.2 This guide is intended for both platers and users of plated steel components, and proposes strategies that may be applied before plating or chemical processing and after plating to mitigate the risk of component failure due to IHE.
1.3 Included is a detailed discussion of steps to be taken before plating or chemical processing, including stress relief, followed by a detailed discussion of baking that is based on the principle that different coatings require a tailored baking process, and that the efficacy of a baking process must be validated.
1.4 Specifically relative to baking for hydrogen relief after plating, this guide describes the coating characteristics that affect baking efficacy, using the four quadrants principle, and how to tailor baking temperatures and times to achieve an effective baking process.
1.5 An empirical testing approach is described with practical examples utilizing methods for testing components and for monitoring and qualifying processes to validate the appropriateness and efficacy of a tailored baking process.
1.6 This document is a guide and is intended to be used as an informative resource. It does not contain any mandatory requirements. For any mandatory requirements related to hydrogen embrittlement baking relief, stress relief, risk mitigation, and testing, please refer to the product or process specification. Alternatively, mandatory requirements may be agreed between a supplier and purchaser.
1.7 Units—Except for the use of HRC for material hardness, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Those in parenthesis are for informational use only.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.